FITC膜联蛋白V细胞凋亡检测试剂盒（BD Pharmingen）描述

凋亡是在胚胎成长期间中会发现的很正常生活期间及及团队恒定的长期保持。凋亡软件的症状是有些体型学症状，还有质膜不好称和支承，血神经元质和血神经元核的缩合及及DNA的核小体间裂解。质膜的消耗是zui早的症状最为。在凋亡血神经元中，膜磷脂磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）从质膜的内部人员和异常链接叶轮叶片转位，然后将PS爆漏于异常链接血神经元生活环境。膜联核球血清V就是一种35-36 kDa的Ca2 +忽略性磷脂配合核球血清，对PS享有高吸引力，并与爆漏的PS配合血神经元。膜联核球血清V可不就能够与还有FITC的荧光有机染料缀合。该文件类型恢复了对PS的高吸引力，所以说可作对正通过血神经元凋亡的血神经元的流式的血神经元分折的敏感脆弱探头。致使PS的外化会发现在凋亡的最早期时候阶段中，FITC膜联核球血清V染色剂可不就能够比研究背景核变幻如DNA段落化的旋光度的测定在最早期时候签定凋亡。

 FITC膜联球蛋清V着色剂先于膜详细性的剥夺，伴伴随由凋亡或损伤时引发的内部系生亡的阶段中。那么，FITC膜联球蛋清V的着色剂常与主要着色剂（如碘化丙啶（PI）或7-氨基施工测试菌素（7-AAD））搭配实用，以使调查员工还会鉴定会之前凋亡内部系（PI弱阳型化，FITC膜联球蛋清V正）。兼有详细膜的活内部系是排除PI，使生亡和损伤内部系的膜可透射PI。假如，看作必须的内部系是FITC膜联球蛋清V和PI弱阳型化; 之前凋亡内部系是FITC Annexin V阳型和PI弱阳型化; 内部系凋亡或以及生亡的内部系都有FITC膜联球蛋清V和PI阳型。该法测不鉴别以及經歷凋亡生亡的内部系与跟随损伤性方法生亡的内部系，是由于在某一状态下，死内部系还会用FITC Annexin V和PI着色剂。以至于，伴随精力的增加，当内部系凋亡被测试时，内部系会常从FITC膜联球蛋清V和PI弱阳型化（必须或没法测试的凋亡）追朔到FITC膜联球蛋清V阳型和PI弱阳型化（之前凋亡，膜详细性长期存在），zui后到FITC膜联球蛋清V和PI阳型（末年凋亡和生亡）。内部系完成这六个的阶段中的行动表述内部系凋亡。比起行于，两个单个的观擦报告表述，内部系都有FITC膜联球蛋清V和PI阳型，本质就提示出关于幼儿园内部系实行生亡的时的资讯较少。

准备和储存

在4°C下擅自溶解存放，必免长精力爆漏于光源下。避免冰冻

产品通知

1. 由于应用程序不同，每个研究者应滴定试剂以获得*结果。
2. 所有血清蛋白的来源均来自美国农业部检查的位于美国的屠宰场。
3. 注意：叠氮钠在酸性条件下会产生高毒性的叠氮酸。在弃置之前将水中的叠氮化合物稀释，以避免在管道中累积潜在的爆炸性沉积物。

DESCRIPTION

Apoptosis is a normal physiologic process which occurs during embryonic development as well as in maintenence of tissue homeostasis. The apoptotic program is characterized by certain morphologic features, including loss of plasma membrane asymmetry and attachment, condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus, and internucleosomal cleavage of DNA. Loss of plasma membrane is one of the earliest features. In apoptotic cells, the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is translocated from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, thereby exposing PS to the external cellular environment. Annexin V is a 35-36 kDa Ca2+ dependent phospholipid-binding protein that has a high affinity for PS, and binds to cells with exposed PS. Annexin V may be conjugated to fluorochromes including FITC. This format retains its high affinity for PS and thus serves as a sensitive probe for flow cytometric analysis of cells that are undergoing apoptosis. Since externalization of PS occurs in the earlier stages of apoptosis, FITC Annexin V staining can identify apoptosis at an earlier stage than assays based on nuclear changes such as DNA fragmentation. FITC Annexin V staining precedes the loss of membrane integrity which accompanies the latest stages of cell death resulting from either apoptotic or necrotic processes. Therefore, staining with FITC Annexin V is typically used in conjunction with a vital dye such as propidium iodide (PI) or 7-Amino-Actinomycin (7-AAD) to allow the investigator to identify early apoptotic cells (PI negative, FITC Annexin V positive). Viable cells with intact membranes exclude PI, wheras the membranes of dead and damaged cells are permeable to PI. For example, cells that are considered viable are FITC Annexin V and PI negative; cells that are in early apoptosis are FITC Annexin V positive and PI negative; and cells that are in late apoptosis or already dead are are both FITC Annexin V and PI positive. This assay does not distinguish between cells that have undergone apoptotic death versus those that have died as a result of a necrotic pathway because in either case, the dead cells will stain with both FITC Annexin V and PI. However, when apoptosis is measured over time, cells can be often tracked from FITC Annexin V and PI negative (viable, or no measurable apoptosis), to FITC Annexin V positive and PI negative (early apoptosis, membrane integrity is present) and finally to FITC Annexin V and PI positive (end stage apoptosis and death). The movement of cells through these three stages suggests apoptosis. In contrast, a single observation indicating that cells are both FITC Annexin V and PI positive, in of itself, reveals less information about the process by which the cells underwent their demise.

FITC膜联蛋白V细胞凋亡检测试剂盒（BD Pharmingen）PREPARATION AND STORAGE

Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.

PRODUCT NOTICES

1. Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2. Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
3. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.